The names of birthstones are important symbols for the month of the year they represent. Precious gems have been associated with the months of the year since ancient times. The American National Retail Jewelers’ Association, or Jewelers of America, standardized a list of the stones in 1912. Many birthstone names were adopted from Latin or Greek, where they were filtered through the centuries. The Greek language also borrowed words from older Semitic and Sanskrit languages.
The name garnet comes from the Latin word granatum, which means “to change color”. The gemstone’s red color is the result of water absorbing silica dioxide and depositing it into cracks and cavities. The red color is reflected back to the sky after the rainy season. Most opal is mined in Australia, where seasonal rains leach the mineral’s silica and deposits it into the soil, forming opal.
Gavril is the birthstone of January. Its name comes from the Greek opallios, which means “to change color.” While garnet is most commonly red, it comes in a variety of colors, including yellow, orange, and green. Its name, granatum, is derived from the Latin granatum, which means “grain.” This reflects its association with red dye and its similarity to pomegranate flesh.